Recently, indoor climate control systems have become the focus of increasing interest, since among the causes cited for Sick Building Syn-drome are poorly maintained and hygienical-ly inadequate HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning) systems. To protect the health of the staff concerned, and also for reasons of production-specific or technological condi-tions, tougher requirements have to be applied for the performance capabilities of air filters in HVAC systems. The air filters used have to en-sure that the content of dusts, bacteria, moulds, and biological constituents in the intake air to rooms does not exceed that of the local out-side air in any category. Care must thus be ta-ken to ensure that the air filters cannot them-selves become sources of air constituents pro-ducing health hazards and unwanted odours.
The dust concentration in the atmosphere, like the different particles it comprises, depends on the meteorological situation and specific local conditions, such as emission sources. One cu-bic meter of outside air, for example, may have between 10 and 80 billion particles in sus-pension. The proportion of potentially allergy-triggering pollens, most of which are larger than 10 µm, is often as much as several thou-sand per cubic meter during the spring months. High all-year round coarse-dust loadings are encountered in heavy-industry regions and in rural districts featuring high concentrations of natural particles and seasonal peaks due to agriculture and airborne pollen.
In large conurbations, especially, the outside air is heavily polluted with fine dusts from in-dustrial facilities, road traffic and other com-bustion processes. The substances include soot, exhaust gas aerosols, abraded particles, va-pours, etc. In addition, the outside air also contains micro-organisms like bacteria, spores and moulds in a size category of approx. 1µm.
Under these environmental conditions, high-quality fine filtration is essential for supplying people in air-conditioned rooms with clean „healthy“ air to breathe.